GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Australia	United States	Germany	Belgium
Dec 31, 1999	35,551	44,576	32,088	32,572
Dec 31, 2000	36,603	45,886	33,367	33,720
Dec 31, 2001	37,276	45,878	34,260	33,923
Dec 31, 2002	38,567	46,266	34,591	34,420
Dec 31, 2003	39,524	47,158	34,716	34,588
Dec 31, 2004	40,888	48,493	35,529	35,740
Dec 31, 2005	41,904	49,655	36,206	36,338
Dec 31, 2006	42,651	50,490	38,014	37,052
Dec 31, 2007	44,034	50,902	39,752	38,083
Dec 31, 2008	44,422	50,276	40,715	38,117
Dec 31, 2009	44,687	48,453	38,963	36,999
Dec 31, 2010	45,400	49,267	41,110	37,739
Dec 31, 2011	46,132	49,675	43,189	38,130
Dec 31, 2012	47,045	50,436	43,288	38,173
Dec 31, 2013	47,261	51,011	43,359	38,170
Dec 31, 2014	47,754	51,797	44,133	38,599
Dec 31, 2015	48,146	52,808	44,405	39,160
Dec 31, 2016	48,675	53,301	45,030	39,457
Dec 31, 2017	49,002	54,152	46,065	39,941
Dec 31, 2018	49,614	55,455	46,377	40,472
Dec 31, 2019	49,815	56,469	46,762	41,156
Dec 31, 2020	48,269	54,379	44,996	38,763
Dec 31, 2021	50,705	57,523	46,159	40,971
Dec 31, 2022	52,049	58,487	46,648	41,872

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Australia

1820-1828: Butlin, N.G. 'Our 200 Years', Queesland Calendar, 1988
1828-1860: N.G. Butlin, "Contours of the Australian Economy 1788-1860", Australian Economic Review, Sept. 1986, pp. 112-13;
1861-1938/9: N.G. Butlin, Australian Domestic Product, Investment and Foreign Borrowing 1861-1938/9, Cambridge, 1962,pp.460-1; amdended as indicated in N.G. Butlin, Investment in Australian Economic Development 1861-19000, Cambridge, 1964, p. 453 and with revised deflator shown in M.W. Butlin, A Preliminary Annual Databae 1900/1901 to 1973/1974, Discussion Paper 7701, Reserve Bank of Australia, 1977, p. 41
1938/9-1950: from expenditure aggregates in 1966/7 prices in M.W. Butlin, RS/FLW/, p.85.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Belgium

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1500- 1846: Buyst, E. (2011), “Towards Estimates of Long Term Growth in the Southern Low Countries, ca.1500-1846”, Results presented at the Conference on Quantifying Long Run Economic Development, Venice, 22-24 March, 2011
1846-1913: J. Gadisseur, "Contribution à l'étude de la production agricole en Belgique de 1846 à 1913", Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, vol. IV, 1-2, 1973,
1913-1950: C. Carbonnelle, "Recherches sur levolution de la production en Belgique de 1900à 1957", Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, no. 3, April 1959, p. 358.