GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	China	United States	Germany	Poland
Dec 31, 1999	4,467	44,576	32,088	12,058
Dec 31, 2000	4,730	45,886	33,367	12,732
Dec 31, 2001	4,995	45,878	34,260	13,018
Dec 31, 2002	5,343	46,266	34,591	13,416
Dec 31, 2003	5,649	47,158	34,716	14,036
Dec 31, 2004	6,068	48,493	35,529	14,906
Dec 31, 2005	6,627	49,655	36,206	15,581
Dec 31, 2006	7,271	50,490	38,014	16,711
Dec 31, 2007	7,896	50,902	39,752	18,067
Dec 31, 2008	8,190	50,276	40,715	19,012
Dec 31, 2009	8,734	48,453	38,963	19,718
Dec 31, 2010	9,658	49,267	41,110	20,609
Dec 31, 2011	10,221	49,675	43,189	21,837
Dec 31, 2012	10,947	50,436	43,288	22,170
Dec 31, 2013	11,731	51,011	43,359	22,378
Dec 31, 2014	12,515	51,797	44,133	23,248
Dec 31, 2015	13,325	52,808	44,405	24,285
Dec 31, 2016	14,139	53,301	45,030	25,021
Dec 31, 2017	15,030	54,152	46,065	26,310
Dec 31, 2018	15,977	55,455	46,377	27,881
Dec 31, 2019	16,880	56,469	46,762	29,142
Dec 31, 2020	17,226	54,379	44,996	28,577
Dec 31, 2021	18,667	57,523	46,159	30,688
Dec 31, 2022	19,238	58,487	46,648	32,468

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

China

1000-1661: Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000
1661–1933: Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000
1661–1933: Xu, Y. Z. Shi, B. van Leeuwen, Y Ni, Z Zhang, and Y Ma, (2016) 'Chinese National Income, ca. 1661-1933', Australian Economic History Review 57(3), 368–393
1952–2008: Wu, Harry X. (2014), “China’s growth and productivity performance debate revisited – Accounting for China’s sources of growth with a new data set” The Conference Board Economics Program Working Paper Series EWP#14-01.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Poland

1409–1913: Malinowski, M. and Van Zanden (2017), “National income and its distribution in preindustrial Poland in a global perspective” Cliometrica, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp 375–40
1913-1929: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1929-1938: K. Laski, Akumulacja i spozycie w procesie uprzemyslowienia Polski Ludowej, Ksiazka i Wiedza, Warsaw, 1956, pp. 86-90
1937-1950: T.P. Alton (1970), p. 46,