GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	United Kingdom	United States	Germany	Montenegro
Dec 31, 1999	30,933	44,576	32,088	5,143
Dec 31, 2000	31,946	45,886	33,367	6,046
Dec 31, 2001	32,660	45,878	34,260	6,430
Dec 31, 2002	33,271	46,266	34,591	6,898
Dec 31, 2003	34,232	47,158	34,716	7,445
Dec 31, 2004	34,866	48,493	35,529	8,194
Dec 31, 2005	35,624	49,655	36,206	9,002
Dec 31, 2006	36,214	50,490	38,014	10,308
Dec 31, 2007	36,817	50,902	39,752	12,027
Dec 31, 2008	36,265	50,276	40,715	13,550
Dec 31, 2009	34,402	48,453	38,963	13,459
Dec 31, 2010	34,754	49,267	41,110	14,510
Dec 31, 2011	34,971	49,675	43,189	15,747
Dec 31, 2012	35,244	50,436	43,288	15,421
Dec 31, 2013	35,661	51,011	43,359	16,064
Dec 31, 2014	36,522	51,797	44,133	16,437
Dec 31, 2015	37,101	52,808	44,405	17,249
Dec 31, 2016	37,594	53,301	45,030	17,777
Dec 31, 2017	38,284	54,152	46,065	18,640
Dec 31, 2018	38,705	55,455	46,377	19,617
Dec 31, 2019	39,113	56,469	46,762	20,449
Dec 31, 2020	34,651	54,379	44,996	17,356
Dec 31, 2021	37,134	57,523	46,159	19,657
Dec 31, 2022	38,407	58,487	46,648	20,942

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United Kingdom

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1252–1700 (England): Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1700–1870: Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1870-1950: C.H. Feinstein, National Income Expenditure and Output of the United Kingdom 1855-1965, Cambridge, 1972

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Montenegro

1952-2008: Milanovic (2011). Estimates provided to the Maddison-Project