GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Indonesia	United States	Germany	New Zealand
Dec 31, 1999	5,187	44,576	32,088	25,868
Dec 31, 2000	5,384	45,886	33,367	26,823
Dec 31, 2001	5,526	45,878	34,260	27,167
Dec 31, 2002	5,720	46,266	34,591	28,066
Dec 31, 2003	5,939	47,158	34,716	28,876
Dec 31, 2004	6,181	48,493	35,529	29,807
Dec 31, 2005	6,482	49,655	36,206	30,270
Dec 31, 2006	6,783	50,490	38,014	30,799
Dec 31, 2007	7,157	50,902	39,752	31,784
Dec 31, 2008	7,633	50,276	40,715	31,445
Dec 31, 2009	7,936	48,453	38,963	31,233
Dec 31, 2010	8,386	49,267	41,110	31,586
Dec 31, 2011	8,849	49,675	43,189	32,057
Dec 31, 2012	9,272	50,436	43,288	32,715
Dec 31, 2013	9,676	51,011	43,359	33,109
Dec 31, 2014	10,051	51,797	44,133	33,591
Dec 31, 2015	10,432	52,808	44,405	34,248
Dec 31, 2016	10,850	53,301	45,030	34,880
Dec 31, 2017	11,292	54,152	46,065	35,574
Dec 31, 2018	11,768	55,455	46,377	36,420
Dec 31, 2019	12,250	56,469	46,762	36,912
Dec 31, 2020	11,895	54,379	44,996	35,854
Dec 31, 2021	12,234	57,523	46,159	37,837
Dec 31, 2022	12,802	58,487	46,648	38,250

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Indonesia

1815 – 1880 (Java): Van Zanden (2012). “Economic Growth in Java 1815-1939: The Reconstruction of the Historical National Accounts of a Colonial Economy”, Maddison-Project Working Paper WP-3.
1880-2008: Van der Eng, P. (2010). The Sources of Long-Term Economic Growth in Indonesia, 1880-2008”, Explorations in Economic History, 47: 294-309

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

New Zealand

1870-1939: K. Rankin, "New Zealand's Gross National Product: 1859-1939, Review of Income and Wealth, March 1992, pp. 60-1., 1870 amended to include indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita)
1939-50: C. Clark, The Conditions of Economic Progress, third edition, Macmillan, London, 1957, pp. 171-2