GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

To start, we chose Italy, United States, Germany. Add or remove countries to compare the ones you want.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Italy	United States	Germany
Dec 31, 1999	31,340	44,576	32,088
Dec 31, 2000	32,717	45,886	33,367
Dec 31, 2001	33,511	45,878	34,260
Dec 31, 2002	33,780	46,266	34,591
Dec 31, 2003	33,918	47,158	34,716
Dec 31, 2004	34,472	48,493	35,529
Dec 31, 2005	34,872	49,655	36,206
Dec 31, 2006	35,714	50,490	38,014
Dec 31, 2007	36,311	50,902	39,752
Dec 31, 2008	35,943	50,276	40,715
Dec 31, 2009	34,055	48,453	38,963
Dec 31, 2010	34,766	49,267	41,110
Dec 31, 2011	35,151	49,675	43,189
Dec 31, 2012	34,010	50,436	43,288
Dec 31, 2013	33,317	51,011	43,359
Dec 31, 2014	33,311	51,797	44,133
Dec 31, 2015	33,621	52,808	44,405
Dec 31, 2016	34,120	53,301	45,030
Dec 31, 2017	34,755	54,152	46,065
Dec 31, 2018	35,150	55,455	46,377
Dec 31, 2019	35,407	56,469	46,762
Dec 31, 2020	32,385	54,379	44,996
Dec 31, 2021	34,827	57,523	46,159
Dec 31, 2022	36,224	58,487	46,648

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.