GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Japan	United States	Germany
Dec 31, 1999	32,395	44,576	32,088
Dec 31, 2000	33,211	45,886	33,367
Dec 31, 2001	33,246	45,878	34,260
Dec 31, 2002	33,195	46,266	34,591
Dec 31, 2003	33,620	47,158	34,716
Dec 31, 2004	34,314	48,493	35,529
Dec 31, 2005	34,858	49,655	36,206
Dec 31, 2006	35,333	50,490	38,014
Dec 31, 2007	35,893	50,902	39,752
Dec 31, 2008	35,496	50,276	40,715
Dec 31, 2009	33,590	48,453	38,963
Dec 31, 2010	35,011	49,267	41,110
Dec 31, 2011	34,979	49,675	43,189
Dec 31, 2012	35,537	50,436	43,288
Dec 31, 2013	36,312	51,011	43,359
Dec 31, 2014	36,440	51,797	44,133
Dec 31, 2015	37,053	52,808	44,405
Dec 31, 2016	37,385	53,301	45,030
Dec 31, 2017	38,079	54,152	46,065
Dec 31, 2018	38,404	55,455	46,377
Dec 31, 2019	38,333	56,469	46,762
Dec 31, 2020	36,827	54,379	44,996
Dec 31, 2021	37,678	57,523	46,159
Dec 31, 2022	38,269	58,487	46,648

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Japan

724-1874: Bassino, Jean-Pascal & Broadberry, Stephen & Fukao, Kyoji & Gupta, Bishnupriya & Takashima, Masanori, (2018). "Japan and the Great Divergence, 730-1874," CEI Working Paper Series 2018-13, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University
1874-1940: Fukao, K., Bassino, J.-P., Makino, T., Paprzycki, R., Settsu, T., Takashima, M., and Tokui, J. (2015) Regional Inequality and Industrial Structure in Japan: 1874-2008, Tokyo: Maruzen Publishing.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.