GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Mexico	United States	Germany	Japan
Dec 31, 1999	11,894	44,576	32,088	32,395
Dec 31, 2000	12,613	45,886	33,367	33,211
Dec 31, 2001	12,565	45,878	34,260	33,246
Dec 31, 2002	12,646	46,266	34,591	33,195
Dec 31, 2003	12,794	47,158	34,716	33,620
Dec 31, 2004	13,288	48,493	35,529	34,314
Dec 31, 2005	13,656	49,655	36,206	34,858
Dec 31, 2006	14,288	50,490	38,014	35,333
Dec 31, 2007	14,685	50,902	39,752	35,893
Dec 31, 2008	14,808	50,276	40,715	35,496
Dec 31, 2009	14,027	48,453	38,963	33,590
Dec 31, 2010	14,697	49,267	41,110	35,011
Dec 31, 2011	15,210	49,675	43,189	34,979
Dec 31, 2012	15,548	50,436	43,288	35,537
Dec 31, 2013	15,615	51,011	43,359	36,312
Dec 31, 2014	15,884	51,797	44,133	36,440
Dec 31, 2015	16,235	52,808	44,405	37,053
Dec 31, 2016	16,705	53,301	45,030	37,385
Dec 31, 2017	16,900	54,152	46,065	38,079
Dec 31, 2018	17,055	55,455	46,377	38,404
Dec 31, 2019	16,802	56,469	46,762	38,333
Dec 31, 2020	15,254	54,379	44,996	36,827
Dec 31, 2021	15,853	57,523	46,159	37,678
Dec 31, 2022	16,235	58,487	46,648	38,269

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Mexico

1550–1812: Arroyo Abad, L. and J.L. van Zanden (2016), “Growth under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times” Journal of Economic History 76(4): 1182–1215.
1812–1870: Prados de la Escosura, L., (2009), ‘Lost decades? Economic performance in post-independence Latin America’, Journal of Latin America Studies, 41, pp. 279–307. (updated data)
1870-1895: Bértola, L., & Ocampo, J. A. (2012). The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford University Press, Table A.2
1895–2003: Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Japan

724-1874: Bassino, Jean-Pascal & Broadberry, Stephen & Fukao, Kyoji & Gupta, Bishnupriya & Takashima, Masanori, (2018). "Japan and the Great Divergence, 730-1874," CEI Working Paper Series 2018-13, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University
1874-1940: Fukao, K., Bassino, J.-P., Makino, T., Paprzycki, R., Settsu, T., Takashima, M., and Tokui, J. (2015) Regional Inequality and Industrial Structure in Japan: 1874-2008, Tokyo: Maruzen Publishing.