GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Netherlands	United States	Germany	Brazil
Dec 31, 1999	36,409	44,576	32,088	9,442
Dec 31, 2000	37,900	45,886	33,367	9,834
Dec 31, 2001	38,636	45,878	34,260	9,953
Dec 31, 2002	38,653	46,266	34,591	10,245
Dec 31, 2003	38,804	47,158	34,716	10,355
Dec 31, 2004	39,682	48,493	35,529	10,950
Dec 31, 2005	40,679	49,655	36,206	11,306
Dec 31, 2006	42,287	50,490	38,014	11,767
Dec 31, 2007	44,009	50,902	39,752	12,500
Dec 31, 2008	44,841	50,276	40,715	13,164
Dec 31, 2009	43,179	48,453	38,963	13,181
Dec 31, 2010	43,812	49,267	41,110	14,216
Dec 31, 2011	44,591	49,675	43,189	14,831
Dec 31, 2012	43,968	50,436	43,288	14,985
Dec 31, 2013	43,783	51,011	43,359	15,305
Dec 31, 2014	44,246	51,797	44,133	15,252
Dec 31, 2015	44,913	52,808	44,405	14,584
Dec 31, 2016	45,654	53,301	45,030	13,991
Dec 31, 2017	46,706	54,152	46,065	14,063
Dec 31, 2018	47,529	55,455	46,377	14,198
Dec 31, 2019	48,143	56,469	46,762	14,258
Dec 31, 2020	46,014	54,379	44,996	13,686
Dec 31, 2021	48,002	57,523	46,159	14,293
Dec 31, 2022	49,670	58,487	46,648	14,640

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Netherlands

1348–1807 (Holland): Van Zanden, J. L. and van Leeuwen, B. (2012), ‘Persistent but not consistent: the growth of national income in Holland 1347–1807’, Explorations in Economic History, 49 (2012), pp. 119–30.
1807-1913: Smits, J.P., E. Horlings and J.L. van Zanden (2000). The Measurement of Gross National Product and its Components 1800-1913 (Groningen Growth and Development Centre Monograph series no 5).
1913-1950: C.A. van Bochove and T.A. Huitker, "Main National Accounting Series, 1900-1986", CBS Occasional Paper, No. 17, The Hague, 1987.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Brazil

1800 - 1870: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data)
1850–1899: Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350
1900-1950: A. Maddison and Associates, The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: Brazil and Mexico, Oxford University Press, New York 1992;