GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Netherlands	United States	Germany	India
Dec 31, 1999	36,409	44,576	32,088	2,708
Dec 31, 2000	37,900	45,886	33,367	2,753
Dec 31, 2001	38,636	45,878	34,260	2,838
Dec 31, 2002	38,653	46,266	34,591	2,871
Dec 31, 2003	38,804	47,158	34,716	3,036
Dec 31, 2004	39,682	48,493	35,529	3,213
Dec 31, 2005	40,679	49,655	36,206	3,397
Dec 31, 2006	42,287	50,490	38,014	3,629
Dec 31, 2007	44,009	50,902	39,752	3,871
Dec 31, 2008	44,841	50,276	40,715	4,031
Dec 31, 2009	43,179	48,453	38,963	4,271
Dec 31, 2010	43,812	49,267	41,110	4,526
Dec 31, 2011	44,591	49,675	43,189	4,768
Dec 31, 2012	43,968	50,436	43,288	4,982
Dec 31, 2013	43,783	51,011	43,359	5,224
Dec 31, 2014	44,246	51,797	44,133	5,524
Dec 31, 2015	44,913	52,808	44,405	5,870
Dec 31, 2016	45,654	53,301	45,030	6,326
Dec 31, 2017	46,706	54,152	46,065	6,639
Dec 31, 2018	47,529	55,455	46,377	7,046
Dec 31, 2019	48,143	56,469	46,762	7,294
Dec 31, 2020	46,014	54,379	44,996	6,731
Dec 31, 2021	48,002	57,523	46,159	7,315
Dec 31, 2022	49,670	58,487	46,648	7,766

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Netherlands

1348–1807 (Holland): Van Zanden, J. L. and van Leeuwen, B. (2012), ‘Persistent but not consistent: the growth of national income in Holland 1347–1807’, Explorations in Economic History, 49 (2012), pp. 119–30.
1807-1913: Smits, J.P., E. Horlings and J.L. van Zanden (2000). The Measurement of Gross National Product and its Components 1800-1913 (Groningen Growth and Development Centre Monograph series no 5).
1913-1950: C.A. van Bochove and T.A. Huitker, "Main National Accounting Series, 1900-1986", CBS Occasional Paper, No. 17, The Hague, 1987.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

India

1600–1870: Broadberry, S.N., Custodis, J. and Gupta, B. (2015), “India and the great divergence: an Anglo-Indian comparison of GDP per capita, 1600–1871” Explorations in Economic History, 55: 58-75.
1870-1900: A. Heston, "National Income", in D. Kumar and M. Desai, Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. 2, Cambridge, 1983, p. 397.
1900-46: A. Maddison, "Alternative Estimates of the Real Product of India, 1900-46", Indian Economic and Social History Review, 22, 2, 1985.
1946-50: A. Maddison, Class Structure and Economic Growth: India and Pakistan Since the Moghuls, Allen and Unwin, London, 1971, p. 169.