GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

See GDP per capita, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Türkiye	United States	Germany
Dec 31, 1999	11,152	44,576	32,088
Dec 31, 2000	11,904	45,886	33,367
Dec 31, 2001	10,951	45,878	34,260
Dec 31, 2002	11,754	46,266	34,591
Dec 31, 2003	12,380	47,158	34,716
Dec 31, 2004	13,424	48,493	35,529
Dec 31, 2005	14,488	49,655	36,206
Dec 31, 2006	15,425	50,490	38,014
Dec 31, 2007	16,091	50,902	39,752
Dec 31, 2008	16,183	50,276	40,715
Dec 31, 2009	15,188	48,453	38,963
Dec 31, 2010	16,528	49,267	41,110
Dec 31, 2011	17,919	49,675	43,189
Dec 31, 2012	18,539	50,436	43,288
Dec 31, 2013	19,856	51,011	43,359
Dec 31, 2014	20,557	51,797	44,133
Dec 31, 2015	21,519	52,808	44,405
Dec 31, 2016	21,937	53,301	45,030
Dec 31, 2017	23,279	54,152	46,065
Dec 31, 2018	23,650	55,455	46,377
Dec 31, 2019	23,498	56,469	46,762
Dec 31, 2020	23,722	54,379	44,996
Dec 31, 2021	26,176	57,523	46,159
Dec 31, 2022	27,362	58,487	46,648

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Türkiye

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
700 - 1820: Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), “An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,” Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3).
1500-1820: Pamuk, S. (2009). “Estimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820”, paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht
182, 1870: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1923-48: T. Bulutay, Y.S. Tezel and N. Yielderim, Turkiye Milli Geliri 1923-1948, Ankara, 1974.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.