GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	United States	Germany	Estonia
Dec 31, 1999	44,576	32,088	15,335
Dec 31, 2000	45,886	33,367	16,807
Dec 31, 2001	45,878	34,260	17,697
Dec 31, 2002	46,266	34,591	18,589
Dec 31, 2003	47,158	34,716	19,772
Dec 31, 2004	48,493	35,529	20,804
Dec 31, 2005	49,655	36,206	22,519
Dec 31, 2006	50,490	38,014	24,579
Dec 31, 2007	50,902	39,752	26,178
Dec 31, 2008	50,276	40,715	24,429
Dec 31, 2009	48,453	38,963	20,538
Dec 31, 2010	49,267	41,110	20,713
Dec 31, 2011	49,675	43,189	21,997
Dec 31, 2012	50,436	43,288	22,784
Dec 31, 2013	51,011	43,359	23,204
Dec 31, 2014	51,797	44,133	23,983
Dec 31, 2015	52,808	44,405	24,474
Dec 31, 2016	53,301	45,030	25,196
Dec 31, 2017	54,152	46,065	26,662
Dec 31, 2018	55,455	46,377	27,596
Dec 31, 2019	56,469	46,762	28,506
Dec 31, 2020	54,379	44,996	28,262
Dec 31, 2021	57,523	46,159	30,499
Dec 31, 2022	58,487	46,648	30,067

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

No separate list is published for Estonia; the database as a whole is cited above.