GDP per capita, long-run history: compare countries

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GDP per capita, long-run history by country

Annual, International dollars (2011 prices)

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

GDP per capita, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	United States	Germany	Italy
Dec 31, 1999	44,576	32,088	31,340
Dec 31, 2000	45,886	33,367	32,717
Dec 31, 2001	45,878	34,260	33,511
Dec 31, 2002	46,266	34,591	33,780
Dec 31, 2003	47,158	34,716	33,918
Dec 31, 2004	48,493	35,529	34,472
Dec 31, 2005	49,655	36,206	34,872
Dec 31, 2006	50,490	38,014	35,714
Dec 31, 2007	50,902	39,752	36,311
Dec 31, 2008	50,276	40,715	35,943
Dec 31, 2009	48,453	38,963	34,055
Dec 31, 2010	49,267	41,110	34,766
Dec 31, 2011	49,675	43,189	35,151
Dec 31, 2012	50,436	43,288	34,010
Dec 31, 2013	51,011	43,359	33,317
Dec 31, 2014	51,797	44,133	33,311
Dec 31, 2015	52,808	44,405	33,621
Dec 31, 2016	53,301	45,030	34,120
Dec 31, 2017	54,152	46,065	34,755
Dec 31, 2018	55,455	46,377	35,150
Dec 31, 2019	56,469	46,762	35,407
Dec 31, 2020	54,379	44,996	32,385
Dec 31, 2021	57,523	46,159	34,827
Dec 31, 2022	58,487	46,648	36,224

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.