Population, long-run history: compare countries

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Canada	United States	Türkiye	Indonesia
Dec 31, 1999	30,510	279,040	65,020	208,105
Dec 31, 2000	30,796	282,162	65,949	211,408
Dec 31, 2001	31,132	284,969	66,869	214,475
Dec 31, 2002	31,473	287,625	67,728	217,516
Dec 31, 2003	31,758	290,108	68,541	220,549
Dec 31, 2004	32,055	292,805	69,366	224,473
Dec 31, 2005	32,360	295,517	70,224	227,534
Dec 31, 2006	32,688	298,380	71,106	230,739
Dec 31, 2007	33,007	301,231	71,992	233,918
Dec 31, 2008	33,367	304,094	72,909	237,056
Dec 31, 2009	33,750	306,772	73,922	240,140
Dec 31, 2010	34,127	309,327	75,054	243,171
Dec 31, 2011	34,463	311,583	76,164	246,150
Dec 31, 2012	34,839	313,878	77,141	249,086
Dec 31, 2013	35,209	316,060	78,138	251,947
Dec 31, 2014	35,565	318,386	79,199	254,702
Dec 31, 2015	35,831	320,739	80,262	257,351
Dec 31, 2016	36,239	323,072	81,350	259,906
Dec 31, 2017	36,677	325,122	82,412	262,379
Dec 31, 2018	37,198	326,838	83,535	264,789
Dec 31, 2019	37,736	328,330	84,737	267,142
Dec 31, 2020	38,174	331,512	85,564	269,437
Dec 31, 2021	38,383	332,032	86,346	271,674
Dec 31, 2022	38,685	333,288	87,201	273,409

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Canada

1820-1850: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1851-70: O.J. Firestone, "Canada's Changing Economy in the Second Half of the 19th Century", NBER, New York, 1957, processed, amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870)
1870-1926: M.C. Urquart and Associates, ed., Gross National Product, Canada 1870-1926: The Derivation of the Estimates, McGill Queen's University Press, Montreal, 1993, pp. 11-12 and 24-5,
1926-1950: Statistics Canada, National Income and Expenditure Accounts, vol. 1, The Annual Estimates 1926-1974, Ottawa, 1975, p. 323. 1960 onwards from OECD, National Accounts.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Türkiye

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
700 - 1820: Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), “An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,” Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3).
1500-1820: Pamuk, S. (2009). “Estimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820”, paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht
182, 1870: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1923-48: T. Bulutay, Y.S. Tezel and N. Yielderim, Turkiye Milli Geliri 1923-1948, Ankara, 1974.

Indonesia

1815 – 1880 (Java): Van Zanden (2012). “Economic Growth in Java 1815-1939: The Reconstruction of the Historical National Accounts of a Colonial Economy”, Maddison-Project Working Paper WP-3.
1880-2008: Van der Eng, P. (2010). The Sources of Long-Term Economic Growth in Indonesia, 1880-2008”, Explorations in Economic History, 47: 294-309