Population, long-run history: compare countries

See Population, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Congo - Kinshasa	Germany	Spain	United States
Dec 31, 1999	51,181	81,439	40,378	279,040
Dec 31, 2000	52,782	81,474	40,563	282,162
Dec 31, 2001	54,453	81,534	40,775	284,969
Dec 31, 2002	56,170	81,595	41,433	287,625
Dec 31, 2003	57,860	81,566	42,205	290,108
Dec 31, 2004	59,599	81,473	42,869	292,805
Dec 31, 2005	61,474	81,354	43,672	295,517
Dec 31, 2006	63,479	81,190	44,370	298,380
Dec 31, 2007	65,590	81,009	45,246	301,231
Dec 31, 2008	67,800	80,781	45,993	304,094
Dec 31, 2009	70,114	80,500	46,378	306,772
Dec 31, 2010	72,550	80,301	46,573	309,327
Dec 31, 2011	75,138	80,292	46,746	311,583
Dec 31, 2012	77,792	80,443	46,777	313,878
Dec 31, 2013	80,534	80,663	46,603	316,060
Dec 31, 2014	83,368	81,000	46,465	318,386
Dec 31, 2015	86,229	81,704	46,420	320,739
Dec 31, 2016	89,193	82,366	46,460	323,072
Dec 31, 2017	92,209	82,674	46,543	325,122
Dec 31, 2018	95,232	82,923	46,739	326,838
Dec 31, 2019	98,320	83,110	47,116	328,330
Dec 31, 2020	101,499	83,178	47,366	331,512
Dec 31, 2021	104,767	83,213	47,342	332,032
Dec 31, 2022	108,171	83,811	47,625	333,288

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Spain

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1270-1850: Álvarez-Nogal, C. and L. Prados de la Escosura (2013). "The Rise and Fall of Spain (1270-1850)," Economic History Review, 66, 1, 1-37, using their annual benchmarks
1850–2011: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2017), Spanish Economic Growth, 1850-2015 (London: Palgrave Macmillan)

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.