Population, long-run history: compare countries

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Congo - Kinshasa	Germany	Türkiye	Italy
Dec 31, 1999	51,181	81,439	65,020	56,940
Dec 31, 2000	52,782	81,474	65,949	56,966
Dec 31, 2001	54,453	81,534	66,869	57,004
Dec 31, 2002	56,170	81,595	67,728	57,114
Dec 31, 2003	57,860	81,566	68,541	57,423
Dec 31, 2004	59,599	81,473	69,366	57,852
Dec 31, 2005	61,474	81,354	70,224	58,191
Dec 31, 2006	63,479	81,190	71,106	58,424
Dec 31, 2007	65,590	81,009	71,992	58,781
Dec 31, 2008	67,800	80,781	72,909	59,236
Dec 31, 2009	70,114	80,500	73,922	59,580
Dec 31, 2010	72,550	80,301	75,054	59,844
Dec 31, 2011	75,138	80,292	76,164	60,052
Dec 31, 2012	77,792	80,443	77,141	60,216
Dec 31, 2013	80,534	80,663	78,138	60,337
Dec 31, 2014	83,368	81,000	79,199	60,346
Dec 31, 2015	86,229	81,704	80,262	60,255
Dec 31, 2016	89,193	82,366	81,350	60,140
Dec 31, 2017	92,209	82,674	82,412	60,027
Dec 31, 2018	95,232	82,923	83,535	59,902
Dec 31, 2019	98,320	83,110	84,737	59,754
Dec 31, 2020	101,499	83,178	85,564	59,464
Dec 31, 2021	104,767	83,213	86,346	59,158
Dec 31, 2022	108,171	83,811	87,201	58,966

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Türkiye

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
700 - 1820: Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), “An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,” Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3).
1500-1820: Pamuk, S. (2009). “Estimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820”, paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht
182, 1870: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1923-48: T. Bulutay, Y.S. Tezel and N. Yielderim, Turkiye Milli Geliri 1923-1948, Ankara, 1974.

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.