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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Congo - Kinshasa	Italy	Spain
Dec 31, 1999	51,181	56,940	40,378
Dec 31, 2000	52,782	56,966	40,563
Dec 31, 2001	54,453	57,004	40,775
Dec 31, 2002	56,170	57,114	41,433
Dec 31, 2003	57,860	57,423	42,205
Dec 31, 2004	59,599	57,852	42,869
Dec 31, 2005	61,474	58,191	43,672
Dec 31, 2006	63,479	58,424	44,370
Dec 31, 2007	65,590	58,781	45,246
Dec 31, 2008	67,800	59,236	45,993
Dec 31, 2009	70,114	59,580	46,378
Dec 31, 2010	72,550	59,844	46,573
Dec 31, 2011	75,138	60,052	46,746
Dec 31, 2012	77,792	60,216	46,777
Dec 31, 2013	80,534	60,337	46,603
Dec 31, 2014	83,368	60,346	46,465
Dec 31, 2015	86,229	60,255	46,420
Dec 31, 2016	89,193	60,140	46,460
Dec 31, 2017	92,209	60,027	46,543
Dec 31, 2018	95,232	59,902	46,739
Dec 31, 2019	98,320	59,754	47,116
Dec 31, 2020	101,499	59,464	47,366
Dec 31, 2021	104,767	59,158	47,342
Dec 31, 2022	108,171	58,966	47,625

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

Spain

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1270-1850: Álvarez-Nogal, C. and L. Prados de la Escosura (2013). "The Rise and Fall of Spain (1270-1850)," Economic History Review, 66, 1, 1-37, using their annual benchmarks
1850–2011: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2017), Spanish Economic Growth, 1850-2015 (London: Palgrave Macmillan)

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.