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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Congo - Kinshasa	Portugal	Brazil
Dec 31, 1999	51,181	10,144	174,320
Dec 31, 2000	52,782	10,215	176,902
Dec 31, 2001	54,453	10,288	179,389
Dec 31, 2002	56,170	10,344	181,721
Dec 31, 2003	57,860	10,383	183,970
Dec 31, 2004	59,599	10,408	186,165
Dec 31, 2005	61,474	10,427	188,330
Dec 31, 2006	63,479	10,446	190,438
Dec 31, 2007	65,590	10,467	192,450
Dec 31, 2008	67,800	10,482	194,458
Dec 31, 2009	70,114	10,492	196,464
Dec 31, 2010	72,550	10,497	198,408
Dec 31, 2011	75,138	10,481	200,152
Dec 31, 2012	77,792	10,439	201,894
Dec 31, 2013	80,534	10,382	203,614
Dec 31, 2014	83,368	10,326	205,358
Dec 31, 2015	86,229	10,283	207,148
Dec 31, 2016	89,193	10,251	208,859
Dec 31, 2017	92,209	10,226	210,537
Dec 31, 2018	95,232	10,209	212,258
Dec 31, 2019	98,320	10,212	213,940
Dec 31, 2020	101,499	10,223	215,577
Dec 31, 2021	104,767	10,214	216,720
Dec 31, 2022	108,171	10,200	217,718

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Portugal

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1530–1850: Palma, N., & Reis, J. (2019). From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 79(2), 477-506. doi:10.1017/S0022050719000056
1850-1913: Pedro Lains, "How Far Can We Go? Measuring Portuguese Economic Growth (1850-1913)"
1938-1950: R. Janes Cartado and N.E. Sequeira da Rosa, Series Longas as Contas Nacionais Portuguesas 1958-1985, Banco de Portugal, Lisbon,

Brazil

1800 - 1870: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data)
1850–1899: Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350
1900-1950: A. Maddison and Associates, The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: Brazil and Mexico, Oxford University Press, New York 1992;

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.