Population, long-run history: compare countries

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Congo - Kinshasa	United States	Germany	Türkiye
Dec 31, 1999	51,181	279,040	81,439	65,020
Dec 31, 2000	52,782	282,162	81,474	65,949
Dec 31, 2001	54,453	284,969	81,534	66,869
Dec 31, 2002	56,170	287,625	81,595	67,728
Dec 31, 2003	57,860	290,108	81,566	68,541
Dec 31, 2004	59,599	292,805	81,473	69,366
Dec 31, 2005	61,474	295,517	81,354	70,224
Dec 31, 2006	63,479	298,380	81,190	71,106
Dec 31, 2007	65,590	301,231	81,009	71,992
Dec 31, 2008	67,800	304,094	80,781	72,909
Dec 31, 2009	70,114	306,772	80,500	73,922
Dec 31, 2010	72,550	309,327	80,301	75,054
Dec 31, 2011	75,138	311,583	80,292	76,164
Dec 31, 2012	77,792	313,878	80,443	77,141
Dec 31, 2013	80,534	316,060	80,663	78,138
Dec 31, 2014	83,368	318,386	81,000	79,199
Dec 31, 2015	86,229	320,739	81,704	80,262
Dec 31, 2016	89,193	323,072	82,366	81,350
Dec 31, 2017	92,209	325,122	82,674	82,412
Dec 31, 2018	95,232	326,838	82,923	83,535
Dec 31, 2019	98,320	328,330	83,110	84,737
Dec 31, 2020	101,499	331,512	83,178	85,564
Dec 31, 2021	104,767	332,032	83,213	86,346
Dec 31, 2022	108,171	333,288	83,811	87,201

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Türkiye

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
700 - 1820: Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), “An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,” Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3).
1500-1820: Pamuk, S. (2009). “Estimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820”, paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht
182, 1870: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1923-48: T. Bulutay, Y.S. Tezel and N. Yielderim, Turkiye Milli Geliri 1923-1948, Ankara, 1974.

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.