Population, long-run history: compare countries

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Congo - Kinshasa	United States	Italy	China
Dec 31, 1999	51,181	279,040	56,940	1,248,899
Dec 31, 2000	52,782	282,162	56,966	1,258,401
Dec 31, 2001	54,453	284,969	57,004	1,267,178
Dec 31, 2002	56,170	287,625	57,114	1,275,379
Dec 31, 2003	57,860	290,108	57,423	1,283,064
Dec 31, 2004	59,599	292,805	57,852	1,290,620
Dec 31, 2005	61,474	295,517	58,191	1,298,245
Dec 31, 2006	63,479	298,380	58,424	1,305,116
Dec 31, 2007	65,590	301,231	58,781	1,311,877
Dec 31, 2008	67,800	304,094	59,236	1,318,559
Dec 31, 2009	70,114	306,772	59,580	1,324,993
Dec 31, 2010	72,550	309,327	59,844	1,331,357
Dec 31, 2011	75,138	311,583	60,052	1,339,549
Dec 31, 2012	77,792	313,878	60,216	1,349,537
Dec 31, 2013	80,534	316,060	60,337	1,357,520
Dec 31, 2014	83,368	318,386	60,346	1,366,654
Dec 31, 2015	86,229	320,739	60,255	1,373,406
Dec 31, 2016	89,193	323,072	60,140	1,382,401
Dec 31, 2017	92,209	325,122	60,027	1,390,136
Dec 31, 2018	95,232	326,838	59,902	1,395,398
Dec 31, 2019	98,320	328,330	59,754	1,400,035
Dec 31, 2020	101,499	331,512	59,464	1,402,060
Dec 31, 2021	104,767	332,032	59,158	1,402,537
Dec 31, 2022	108,171	333,288	58,966	1,401,693

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

China

1000-1661: Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000
1661–1933: Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000
1661–1933: Xu, Y. Z. Shi, B. van Leeuwen, Y Ni, Z Zhang, and Y Ma, (2016) 'Chinese National Income, ca. 1661-1933', Australian Economic History Review 57(3), 368–393
1952–2008: Wu, Harry X. (2014), “China’s growth and productivity performance debate revisited – Accounting for China’s sources of growth with a new data set” The Conference Board Economics Program Working Paper Series EWP#14-01.

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.