Population, long-run history: compare countries

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	United Kingdom	United States	Germany	Indonesia
Dec 31, 1999	58,946	279,040	81,439	208,105
Dec 31, 2000	59,149	282,162	81,474	211,408
Dec 31, 2001	59,377	284,969	81,534	214,475
Dec 31, 2002	59,631	287,625	81,595	217,516
Dec 31, 2003	59,903	290,108	81,566	220,549
Dec 31, 2004	60,217	292,805	81,473	224,473
Dec 31, 2005	60,682	295,517	81,354	227,534
Dec 31, 2006	61,098	298,380	81,190	230,739
Dec 31, 2007	61,593	301,231	81,009	233,918
Dec 31, 2008	62,100	304,094	80,781	237,056
Dec 31, 2009	62,539	306,772	80,500	240,140
Dec 31, 2010	63,040	309,327	80,301	243,171
Dec 31, 2011	63,567	311,583	80,292	246,150
Dec 31, 2012	63,989	313,878	80,443	249,086
Dec 31, 2013	64,392	316,060	80,663	251,947
Dec 31, 2014	64,885	318,386	81,000	254,702
Dec 31, 2015	65,400	320,739	81,704	257,351
Dec 31, 2016	65,941	323,072	82,366	259,906
Dec 31, 2017	66,335	325,122	82,674	262,379
Dec 31, 2018	66,732	326,838	82,923	264,789
Dec 31, 2019	67,095	328,330	83,110	267,142
Dec 31, 2020	67,380	331,512	83,178	269,437
Dec 31, 2021	67,651	332,032	83,213	271,674
Dec 31, 2022	68,093	333,288	83,811	273,409

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United Kingdom

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1252–1700 (England): Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1700–1870: Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1870-1950: C.H. Feinstein, National Income Expenditure and Output of the United Kingdom 1855-1965, Cambridge, 1972

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Indonesia

1815 – 1880 (Java): Van Zanden (2012). “Economic Growth in Java 1815-1939: The Reconstruction of the Historical National Accounts of a Colonial Economy”, Maddison-Project Working Paper WP-3.
1880-2008: Van der Eng, P. (2010). The Sources of Long-Term Economic Growth in Indonesia, 1880-2008”, Explorations in Economic History, 47: 294-309