Population, long-run history: compare countries

See Population, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	United Kingdom	United States	Portugal	Mexico
Dec 31, 1999	58,946	279,040	10,144	97,242
Dec 31, 2000	59,149	282,162	10,215	98,403
Dec 31, 2001	59,377	284,969	10,288	99,599
Dec 31, 2002	59,631	287,625	10,344	100,863
Dec 31, 2003	59,903	290,108	10,383	102,132
Dec 31, 2004	60,217	292,805	10,408	103,334
Dec 31, 2005	60,682	295,517	10,427	104,508
Dec 31, 2006	61,098	298,380	10,446	105,738
Dec 31, 2007	61,593	301,231	10,467	107,083
Dec 31, 2008	62,100	304,094	10,482	108,554
Dec 31, 2009	62,539	306,772	10,492	110,061
Dec 31, 2010	63,040	309,327	10,497	111,468
Dec 31, 2011	63,567	311,583	10,481	112,826
Dec 31, 2012	63,989	313,878	10,439	114,163
Dec 31, 2013	64,392	316,060	10,382	115,471
Dec 31, 2014	64,885	318,386	10,326	116,757
Dec 31, 2015	65,400	320,739	10,283	118,017
Dec 31, 2016	65,941	323,072	10,251	117,444
Dec 31, 2017	66,335	325,122	10,226	118,799
Dec 31, 2018	66,732	326,838	10,209	120,289
Dec 31, 2019	67,095	328,330	10,212	121,872
Dec 31, 2020	67,380	331,512	10,223	123,260
Dec 31, 2021	67,651	332,032	10,214	124,462
Dec 31, 2022	68,093	333,288	10,200	125,247

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United Kingdom

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1252–1700 (England): Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1700–1870: Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1870-1950: C.H. Feinstein, National Income Expenditure and Output of the United Kingdom 1855-1965, Cambridge, 1972

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Portugal

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1530–1850: Palma, N., & Reis, J. (2019). From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 79(2), 477-506. doi:10.1017/S0022050719000056
1850-1913: Pedro Lains, "How Far Can We Go? Measuring Portuguese Economic Growth (1850-1913)"
1938-1950: R. Janes Cartado and N.E. Sequeira da Rosa, Series Longas as Contas Nacionais Portuguesas 1958-1985, Banco de Portugal, Lisbon,

Mexico

1550–1812: Arroyo Abad, L. and J.L. van Zanden (2016), “Growth under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times” Journal of Economic History 76(4): 1182–1215.
1812–1870: Prados de la Escosura, L., (2009), ‘Lost decades? Economic performance in post-independence Latin America’, Journal of Latin America Studies, 41, pp. 279–307. (updated data)
1870-1895: Bértola, L., & Ocampo, J. A. (2012). The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford University Press, Table A.2
1895–2003: Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350