Population, long-run history: compare countries

See Population, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Italy	Germany	Belgium	Estonia
Dec 31, 1999	56,940	81,439	10,227	1,378
Dec 31, 2000	56,966	81,474	10,252	1,400
Dec 31, 2001	57,004	81,534	10,288	1,391
Dec 31, 2002	57,114	81,595	10,334	1,382
Dec 31, 2003	57,423	81,566	10,377	1,374
Dec 31, 2004	57,852	81,473	10,422	1,365
Dec 31, 2005	58,191	81,354	10,480	1,357
Dec 31, 2006	58,424	81,190	10,549	1,349
Dec 31, 2007	58,781	81,009	10,627	1,341
Dec 31, 2008	59,236	80,781	10,711	1,337
Dec 31, 2009	59,580	80,500	10,797	1,334
Dec 31, 2010	59,844	80,301	10,897	1,332
Dec 31, 2011	60,052	80,292	11,039	1,328
Dec 31, 2012	60,216	80,443	11,108	1,324
Dec 31, 2013	60,337	80,663	11,160	1,319
Dec 31, 2014	60,346	81,000	11,210	1,314
Dec 31, 2015	60,255	81,704	11,275	1,312
Dec 31, 2016	60,140	82,366	11,332	1,314
Dec 31, 2017	60,027	82,674	11,376	1,314
Dec 31, 2018	59,902	82,923	11,429	1,318
Dec 31, 2019	59,754	83,110	11,491	1,323
Dec 31, 2020	59,464	83,178	11,546	1,327
Dec 31, 2021	59,158	83,213	11,594	1,329
Dec 31, 2022	58,966	83,811	11,695	1,330

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Belgium

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1500- 1846: Buyst, E. (2011), “Towards Estimates of Long Term Growth in the Southern Low Countries, ca.1500-1846”, Results presented at the Conference on Quantifying Long Run Economic Development, Venice, 22-24 March, 2011
1846-1913: J. Gadisseur, "Contribution à l'étude de la production agricole en Belgique de 1846 à 1913", Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine, vol. IV, 1-2, 1973,
1913-1950: C. Carbonnelle, "Recherches sur levolution de la production en Belgique de 1900à 1957", Cahiers Economiques de Bruxelles, no. 3, April 1959, p. 358.

No separate list is published for Estonia; the database as a whole is cited above.