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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Italy	Portugal	Congo - Kinshasa
Dec 31, 1999	56,940	10,144	51,181
Dec 31, 2000	56,966	10,215	52,782
Dec 31, 2001	57,004	10,288	54,453
Dec 31, 2002	57,114	10,344	56,170
Dec 31, 2003	57,423	10,383	57,860
Dec 31, 2004	57,852	10,408	59,599
Dec 31, 2005	58,191	10,427	61,474
Dec 31, 2006	58,424	10,446	63,479
Dec 31, 2007	58,781	10,467	65,590
Dec 31, 2008	59,236	10,482	67,800
Dec 31, 2009	59,580	10,492	70,114
Dec 31, 2010	59,844	10,497	72,550
Dec 31, 2011	60,052	10,481	75,138
Dec 31, 2012	60,216	10,439	77,792
Dec 31, 2013	60,337	10,382	80,534
Dec 31, 2014	60,346	10,326	83,368
Dec 31, 2015	60,255	10,283	86,229
Dec 31, 2016	60,140	10,251	89,193
Dec 31, 2017	60,027	10,226	92,209
Dec 31, 2018	59,902	10,209	95,232
Dec 31, 2019	59,754	10,212	98,320
Dec 31, 2020	59,464	10,223	101,499
Dec 31, 2021	59,158	10,214	104,767
Dec 31, 2022	58,966	10,200	108,171

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

Portugal

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1530–1850: Palma, N., & Reis, J. (2019). From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 79(2), 477-506. doi:10.1017/S0022050719000056
1850-1913: Pedro Lains, "How Far Can We Go? Measuring Portuguese Economic Growth (1850-1913)"
1938-1950: R. Janes Cartado and N.E. Sequeira da Rosa, Series Longas as Contas Nacionais Portuguesas 1958-1985, Banco de Portugal, Lisbon,

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.