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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Italy	Türkiye	Congo - Kinshasa
Dec 31, 1999	56,940	65,020	51,181
Dec 31, 2000	56,966	65,949	52,782
Dec 31, 2001	57,004	66,869	54,453
Dec 31, 2002	57,114	67,728	56,170
Dec 31, 2003	57,423	68,541	57,860
Dec 31, 2004	57,852	69,366	59,599
Dec 31, 2005	58,191	70,224	61,474
Dec 31, 2006	58,424	71,106	63,479
Dec 31, 2007	58,781	71,992	65,590
Dec 31, 2008	59,236	72,909	67,800
Dec 31, 2009	59,580	73,922	70,114
Dec 31, 2010	59,844	75,054	72,550
Dec 31, 2011	60,052	76,164	75,138
Dec 31, 2012	60,216	77,141	77,792
Dec 31, 2013	60,337	78,138	80,534
Dec 31, 2014	60,346	79,199	83,368
Dec 31, 2015	60,255	80,262	86,229
Dec 31, 2016	60,140	81,350	89,193
Dec 31, 2017	60,027	82,412	92,209
Dec 31, 2018	59,902	83,535	95,232
Dec 31, 2019	59,754	84,737	98,320
Dec 31, 2020	59,464	85,564	101,499
Dec 31, 2021	59,158	86,346	104,767
Dec 31, 2022	58,966	87,201	108,171

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

Türkiye

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
700 - 1820: Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), “An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,” Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3).
1500-1820: Pamuk, S. (2009). “Estimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820”, paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht
182, 1870: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1923-48: T. Bulutay, Y.S. Tezel and N. Yielderim, Turkiye Milli Geliri 1923-1948, Ankara, 1974.

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.