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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Italy	United States	Congo - Kinshasa
Dec 31, 1999	56,940	279,040	51,181
Dec 31, 2000	56,966	282,162	52,782
Dec 31, 2001	57,004	284,969	54,453
Dec 31, 2002	57,114	287,625	56,170
Dec 31, 2003	57,423	290,108	57,860
Dec 31, 2004	57,852	292,805	59,599
Dec 31, 2005	58,191	295,517	61,474
Dec 31, 2006	58,424	298,380	63,479
Dec 31, 2007	58,781	301,231	65,590
Dec 31, 2008	59,236	304,094	67,800
Dec 31, 2009	59,580	306,772	70,114
Dec 31, 2010	59,844	309,327	72,550
Dec 31, 2011	60,052	311,583	75,138
Dec 31, 2012	60,216	313,878	77,792
Dec 31, 2013	60,337	316,060	80,534
Dec 31, 2014	60,346	318,386	83,368
Dec 31, 2015	60,255	320,739	86,229
Dec 31, 2016	60,140	323,072	89,193
Dec 31, 2017	60,027	325,122	92,209
Dec 31, 2018	59,902	326,838	95,232
Dec 31, 2019	59,754	328,330	98,320
Dec 31, 2020	59,464	331,512	101,499
Dec 31, 2021	59,158	332,032	104,767
Dec 31, 2022	58,966	333,288	108,171

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.