Population, long-run history: compare countries

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Italy	United States	Congo - Kinshasa	Peru
Dec 31, 1999	56,940	279,040	51,181	20,963
Dec 31, 2000	56,966	282,162	52,782	21,291
Dec 31, 2001	57,004	284,969	54,453	21,631
Dec 31, 2002	57,114	287,625	56,170	21,980
Dec 31, 2003	57,423	290,108	57,860	22,339
Dec 31, 2004	57,852	292,805	59,599	22,707
Dec 31, 2005	58,191	295,517	61,474	23,055
Dec 31, 2006	58,424	298,380	63,479	23,380
Dec 31, 2007	58,781	301,231	65,590	23,708
Dec 31, 2008	59,236	304,094	67,800	23,944
Dec 31, 2009	59,580	306,772	70,114	24,087
Dec 31, 2010	59,844	309,327	72,550	24,228
Dec 31, 2011	60,052	311,583	75,138	24,364
Dec 31, 2012	60,216	313,878	77,792	24,491
Dec 31, 2013	60,337	316,060	80,534	24,607
Dec 31, 2014	60,346	318,386	83,368	24,714
Dec 31, 2015	60,255	320,739	86,229	24,812
Dec 31, 2016	60,140	323,072	89,193	24,904
Dec 31, 2017	60,027	325,122	92,209	24,999
Dec 31, 2018	59,902	326,838	95,232	25,403
Dec 31, 2019	59,754	328,330	98,320	25,966
Dec 31, 2020	59,464	331,512	101,499	26,308
Dec 31, 2021	59,158	332,032	104,767	26,508
Dec 31, 2022	58,966	333,288	108,171	26,771

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Italy

1451-1861: Chilosi, D., & Ciccarelli, C. (2023). Italy in the Great Divergence: What Can We Learn from Engel’s Law (SSRN Scholarly Paper 4514091).
1861-1871 (North Italy): Malanima, P. (2010), “The long decline of a leading economy: GDP in central and northern Italy, 1300–1913” European Review of Economic History 15 (2): 169–219.
1871-1990: Baffigi, A. (2011).”Italian National Accounts, 1861-2011”, Banca d’Italia Economic History Working Papers 18.

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Peru

1600–1812: Arroyo Abad, L. and J.L. van Zanden (2016), “Growth under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times” Journal of Economic History 76(4): 1182–1215.
1812–1870: Seminario, B. (2015). El Desarrallo de la Economía Peruana en la Era Moderna, Universidad de Pacifico, Lima
1870-1901: Bertola, L and Ocampo, J.A. (2012) The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence. Oxford, Oxford U.P, Table A2
1900-1913: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995
1913-1941: C.A. Bolona Behr, "Tariff Policies in Peru, 1880-1980", Ph.D. thesis, Oxford University, 1981;
1942-1950: "Cuadros del producto interno bruto en dollares de 1950", CEPAL, Santiago, October 1962, mimeographed;
1945-1950: Series Historicas del Crecimiento de America Latina, CEPAL, Santiago, 1978.

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.