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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Portugal	Brazil	Congo - Kinshasa
Dec 31, 1999	10,144	174,320	51,181
Dec 31, 2000	10,215	176,902	52,782
Dec 31, 2001	10,288	179,389	54,453
Dec 31, 2002	10,344	181,721	56,170
Dec 31, 2003	10,383	183,970	57,860
Dec 31, 2004	10,408	186,165	59,599
Dec 31, 2005	10,427	188,330	61,474
Dec 31, 2006	10,446	190,438	63,479
Dec 31, 2007	10,467	192,450	65,590
Dec 31, 2008	10,482	194,458	67,800
Dec 31, 2009	10,492	196,464	70,114
Dec 31, 2010	10,497	198,408	72,550
Dec 31, 2011	10,481	200,152	75,138
Dec 31, 2012	10,439	201,894	77,792
Dec 31, 2013	10,382	203,614	80,534
Dec 31, 2014	10,326	205,358	83,368
Dec 31, 2015	10,283	207,148	86,229
Dec 31, 2016	10,251	208,859	89,193
Dec 31, 2017	10,226	210,537	92,209
Dec 31, 2018	10,209	212,258	95,232
Dec 31, 2019	10,212	213,940	98,320
Dec 31, 2020	10,223	215,577	101,499
Dec 31, 2021	10,214	216,720	104,767
Dec 31, 2022	10,200	217,718	108,171

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Portugal

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1530–1850: Palma, N., & Reis, J. (2019). From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 79(2), 477-506. doi:10.1017/S0022050719000056
1850-1913: Pedro Lains, "How Far Can We Go? Measuring Portuguese Economic Growth (1850-1913)"
1938-1950: R. Janes Cartado and N.E. Sequeira da Rosa, Series Longas as Contas Nacionais Portuguesas 1958-1985, Banco de Portugal, Lisbon,

Brazil

1800 - 1870: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data)
1850–1899: Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350
1900-1950: A. Maddison and Associates, The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: Brazil and Mexico, Oxford University Press, New York 1992;

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.