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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	Portugal	Congo - Kinshasa	Brazil
Dec 31, 1999	10,144	51,181	174,320
Dec 31, 2000	10,215	52,782	176,902
Dec 31, 2001	10,288	54,453	179,389
Dec 31, 2002	10,344	56,170	181,721
Dec 31, 2003	10,383	57,860	183,970
Dec 31, 2004	10,408	59,599	186,165
Dec 31, 2005	10,427	61,474	188,330
Dec 31, 2006	10,446	63,479	190,438
Dec 31, 2007	10,467	65,590	192,450
Dec 31, 2008	10,482	67,800	194,458
Dec 31, 2009	10,492	70,114	196,464
Dec 31, 2010	10,497	72,550	198,408
Dec 31, 2011	10,481	75,138	200,152
Dec 31, 2012	10,439	77,792	201,894
Dec 31, 2013	10,382	80,534	203,614
Dec 31, 2014	10,326	83,368	205,358
Dec 31, 2015	10,283	86,229	207,148
Dec 31, 2016	10,251	89,193	208,859
Dec 31, 2017	10,226	92,209	210,537
Dec 31, 2018	10,209	95,232	212,258
Dec 31, 2019	10,212	98,320	213,940
Dec 31, 2020	10,223	101,499	215,577
Dec 31, 2021	10,214	104,767	216,720
Dec 31, 2022	10,200	108,171	217,718

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Portugal

1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
1530–1850: Palma, N., & Reis, J. (2019). From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 79(2), 477-506. doi:10.1017/S0022050719000056
1850-1913: Pedro Lains, "How Far Can We Go? Measuring Portuguese Economic Growth (1850-1913)"
1938-1950: R. Janes Cartado and N.E. Sequeira da Rosa, Series Longas as Contas Nacionais Portuguesas 1958-1985, Banco de Portugal, Lisbon,

Brazil

1800 - 1870: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data)
1850–1899: Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350
1900-1950: A. Maddison and Associates, The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: Brazil and Mexico, Oxford University Press, New York 1992;

No separate list is published for Congo - Kinshasa; the database as a whole is cited above.