Population, long-run history: compare countries

See Population, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	United States	Germany	China	Puerto Rico
Dec 31, 1999	279,040	81,439	1,248,899	3,800
Dec 31, 2000	282,162	81,474	1,258,401	3,811
Dec 31, 2001	284,969	81,534	1,267,178	3,819
Dec 31, 2002	287,625	81,595	1,275,379	3,824
Dec 31, 2003	290,108	81,566	1,283,064	3,826
Dec 31, 2004	292,805	81,473	1,290,620	3,827
Dec 31, 2005	295,517	81,354	1,298,245	3,822
Dec 31, 2006	298,380	81,190	1,305,116	3,805
Dec 31, 2007	301,231	81,009	1,311,877	3,783
Dec 31, 2008	304,094	80,781	1,318,559	3,761
Dec 31, 2009	306,772	80,500	1,324,993	3,741
Dec 31, 2010	309,327	80,301	1,331,357	3,722
Dec 31, 2011	311,583	80,292	1,339,549	3,679
Dec 31, 2012	313,878	80,443	1,349,537	3,636
Dec 31, 2013	316,060	80,663	1,357,520	3,589
Dec 31, 2014	318,386	81,000	1,366,654	3,534
Dec 31, 2015	320,739	81,704	1,373,406	3,473
Dec 31, 2016	323,072	82,366	1,382,401	3,411
Dec 31, 2017	325,122	82,674	1,390,136	3,352
Dec 31, 2018	326,838	82,923	1,395,398	3,295
Dec 31, 2019	328,330	83,110	1,400,035	3,268
Dec 31, 2020	331,512	83,178	1,402,060	3,247
Dec 31, 2021	332,032	83,213	1,402,537	3,232
Dec 31, 2022	333,288	83,811	1,401,693	3,228

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

China

1000-1661: Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000
1661–1933: Broadberry, S.N., Guan, Hanhui and David Daokui Li (2018), “China, Europe and the Great Divergence: a Study in Historical National Accounting, 980-1850”, Journal of Economic History, 78, 4, 955-1000
1661–1933: Xu, Y. Z. Shi, B. van Leeuwen, Y Ni, Z Zhang, and Y Ma, (2016) 'Chinese National Income, ca. 1661-1933', Australian Economic History Review 57(3), 368–393
1952–2008: Wu, Harry X. (2014), “China’s growth and productivity performance debate revisited – Accounting for China’s sources of growth with a new data set” The Conference Board Economics Program Working Paper Series EWP#14-01.

No separate list is published for Puerto Rico; the database as a whole is cited above.