Population, long-run history: compare countries

See Population, long-run history for up to four countries side by side.

Countries being compared

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Population, long-run history by country

Annual, Persons, thousands

Source: Maddison Project Database 2023

Population, long-run history: latest observations by country
Date	United States	Germany	Japan	New Zealand
Dec 31, 1999	279,040	81,439	126,512	3,890
Dec 31, 2000	282,162	81,474	126,755	3,912
Dec 31, 2001	284,969	81,534	127,056	3,947
Dec 31, 2002	287,625	81,595	127,324	4,018
Dec 31, 2003	290,108	81,566	127,558	4,094
Dec 31, 2004	292,805	81,473	127,658	4,151
Dec 31, 2005	295,517	81,354	127,679	4,198
Dec 31, 2006	298,380	81,190	127,762	4,248
Dec 31, 2007	301,231	81,009	127,904	4,287
Dec 31, 2008	304,094	80,781	127,969	4,323
Dec 31, 2009	306,772	80,500	127,958	4,370
Dec 31, 2010	309,327	80,301	127,967	4,416
Dec 31, 2011	311,583	80,292	127,755	4,446
Dec 31, 2012	313,878	80,443	127,476	4,471
Dec 31, 2013	316,060	80,663	127,257	4,516
Dec 31, 2014	318,386	81,000	127,186	4,597
Dec 31, 2015	320,739	81,704	127,034	4,695
Dec 31, 2016	323,072	82,366	126,857	4,800
Dec 31, 2017	325,122	82,674	126,631	4,897
Dec 31, 2018	326,838	82,923	126,368	4,982
Dec 31, 2019	328,330	83,110	126,092	5,074
Dec 31, 2020	331,512	83,178	125,634	5,159
Dec 31, 2021	332,032	83,213	125,427	5,188
Dec 31, 2022	333,288	83,811	124,762	5,245

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

United States

1650 - 1790: McCusker, John J., ‘Colonial Statistics’, Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press. V-671.
1790 - 1870: Sutch, R. (2006). National Income and Product. Historical Statistics of the United States: Earliest Time to the Present, in S. B. Carter, S. S. Gartner, M. R. Haineset al. New York, Cambridge University Press III-23-25.
1800-1830: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307. (updated data)
1820-1950: GDP movement from Maddison (1995a), amended for 1820–70 to include income of the indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita in 1820 and 1870).

Germany

1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.

Japan

724-1874: Bassino, Jean-Pascal & Broadberry, Stephen & Fukao, Kyoji & Gupta, Bishnupriya & Takashima, Masanori, (2018). "Japan and the Great Divergence, 730-1874," CEI Working Paper Series 2018-13, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University
1874-1940: Fukao, K., Bassino, J.-P., Makino, T., Paprzycki, R., Settsu, T., Takashima, M., and Tokui, J. (2015) Regional Inequality and Industrial Structure in Japan: 1874-2008, Tokyo: Maruzen Publishing.

New Zealand

1870-1939: K. Rankin, "New Zealand's Gross National Product: 1859-1939, Review of Income and Wealth, March 1992, pp. 60-1., 1870 amended to include indigenous population (taken to be $400 per capita)
1939-50: C. Clark, The Conditions of Economic Progress, third edition, Macmillan, London, 1957, pp. 171-2