Brazil
Headline economic indicators for Brazil, with the most recent official readings.
- GDP growth, year on year (quarterly) 2.0% +0.20 (+11.1%) Jun 2026
- Inflation rate (monthly) 4.6% +0.36 (+8.5%) Sep 2026
- Central bank policy rate 13.8% -0.25 (-1.8%) Sep 2026
- Unemployment rate (monthly) 5.2% -0.10 (-1.9%) Sep 2026
- Government debt to GDP 81.9% -1.18 (-1.4%) 2024
Prices
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation rate · | 5.0% | +0.65 (+14.9%) | |
| Consumer price index · | 234.4 | +11.20 (+5.0%) | |
| Inflation rate (monthly) · | 4.6% | +0.36 (+8.5%) | |
| Consumer price index (monthly) · | 7,695.8 | +62.59 (+0.8%) | |
| House price index (quarterly) · | 223.8 | +2.89 (+1.3%) | |
| House price inflation, year on year (quarterly) · | 5.2% | +0.07 (+1.3%) | |
| Real house price index (quarterly) · | 91.4 | -0.57 (-0.6%) | |
| Real house price growth, year on year (quarterly) · | 0.6% | -0.37 (-37.7%) | |
| GDP deflator inflation · | 5.7% | +1.65 (+40.4%) |
GDP
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP growth rate · | 2.3% | -1.13 (-33.2%) | |
| GDP per capita · | 10,713.29 | +402.74 (+3.9%) | |
| GDP growth, quarter on quarter · | 0.5% | -0.60 (-54.5%) | |
| GDP growth, year on year (quarterly) · | 2.0% | +0.20 (+11.1%) | |
| Economic activity index, IBC-Br (monthly) · | 110.4 | +0.37 (+0.3%) | |
| GDP per capita, long-run history · | 14,640 | +347.14 (+2.4%) | |
| GDP · | 2,279,920,092,492.13 | +94,098,481,803 (+4.3%) | |
| GDP, PPP · | 4,986,894,750,790 | +244,292,010,322 (+5.2%) | |
| GDP per capita, PPP · | 23,433 | +1,062 (+4.7%) | |
| GDP per capita growth · | 1.9% | -1.11 (-36.9%) | |
| GNI per capita · | 10,550 | +620.00 (+6.2%) | |
| Agriculture to GDP · | 6.1% | +0.33 (+5.8%) | |
| Industry to GDP · | 20.1% | -0.79 (-3.8%) | |
| Manufacturing to GDP · | 11.8% | -0.34 (-2.8%) | |
| Services to GDP · | 59.7% | +0.57 (+1.0%) | |
| Household consumption to GDP · | 63.4% | -0.52 (-0.8%) | |
| Gross capital formation to GDP · | 17.1% | +0.09 (+0.6%) | |
| Gross savings to GDP · | 14.4% | +0.27 (+1.9%) |
Labour
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate · | 6.0% | -0.83 (-12.2%) | |
| Unemployment rate (monthly) · | 5.2% | -0.10 (-1.9%) | |
| Labour force participation rate · | 63.1% | -0.20 (-0.3%) | |
| Female labour force participation rate · | 53.4% | -0.16 (-0.3%) | |
| Youth unemployment rate · | 14.0% | -1.69 (-10.8%) | |
| Employment to population ratio · | 59.4% | +0.34 (+0.6%) | |
| Employment in agriculture · | 7.6% | -0.09 (-1.1%) | |
| Employment in industry · | 20.2% | -0.09 (-0.4%) | |
| Employment in services · | 72.2% | +0.18 (+0.2%) |
Money
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real interest rate · | 37.5% | +2.73 (+7.9%) | |
| Central bank policy rate · | 13.8% | -0.25 (-1.8%) | |
| Real effective exchange rate (monthly) · | 117.2 | +0.74 (+0.6%) | |
| Nominal effective exchange rate (monthly) · | 113.5 | +0.30 (+0.3%) | |
| Private sector credit to GDP (quarterly) · | 92.5% | -0.50 (-0.5%) | |
| Credit-to-GDP gap (quarterly) · | 0.72 pp | -1.06 (-59.5%) | |
| Debt service ratio, private sector (quarterly) · | 29.8% | +0.50 (+1.7%) | |
| Credit delinquency rate (monthly) · | 5.0% | -0.07 (-1.4%) | |
| Broad money to GDP · | 118.6% | +2.19 (+1.9%) | |
| Private sector credit to GDP · | 75.1% | -0.53 (-0.7%) | |
| Lending rate · | 45.3% | +5.11 (+12.7%) | |
| Bank deposit rate · | 7.7% | -4.44 (-36.5%) | |
| Stock market capitalization to GDP · | 38.2% | +8.08 (+26.8%) | |
| Bank nonperforming loans · | 3.9% | +1.16 (+42.8%) | |
| Official exchange rate · | 5.59 | +0.20 (+3.7%) |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current account to GDP · | -2.9% | +0.06 (+2.1%) | |
| Exports to GDP · | 17.8% | -0.12 (-0.7%) | |
| Imports to GDP · | 17.5% | -0.18 (-1.0%) | |
| Trade to GDP · | 35.3% | -0.29 (-0.8%) | |
| Exports of goods and services · | 406,298,241,937.14 | +14,192,895,890 (+3.6%) | |
| Imports of goods and services · | 398,319,353,081.26 | +12,610,484,817 (+3.3%) | |
| Trade balance, goods and services (annual) · | 9,086,217,340.63 | -2,429,143,470 (-21.1%) | |
| Current account balance (annual) · | -66,717,333,403.48 | -1,404,671,746 (-2.2%) | |
| Foreign direct investment to GDP · | 3.4% | +0.02 (+0.5%) | |
| Remittances received to GDP · | 0.2% | -0.02 (-6.9%) | |
| Total reserves, including gold · | 358,513,128,727.46 | +28,780,684,914 (+8.7%) | |
| Reserves in months of imports · | 8.4 | +0.47 (+5.9%) | |
| External debt to GNI · | 28.7% | +0.03 (+0.1%) |
Government
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government debt to GDP · | 81.9% | -1.18 (-1.4%) | |
| Net public debt, % of GDP (monthly) · | 70.0% | +0.71 (+1.0%) | |
| Government revenue to GDP · | 26.4% | +1.08 (+4.2%) | |
| Government expense to GDP · | 32.4% | +0.79 (+2.5%) | |
| Tax revenue to GDP · | 15.4% | +1.37 (+9.7%) | |
| Government budget balance to GDP · | -5.7% | +1.18 (+17.2%) | |
| Government consumption to GDP · | 19.1% | +0.36 (+1.9%) | |
| Education spending to GDP · | 5.6% | +0.12 (+2.2%) | |
| Health spending to GDP · | 9.7% | +0.34 (+3.7%) |
Demography
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population · | 212,812,405 | +813,832 (+0.4%) | |
| Population, long-run history · | 217,718 | +998.31 (+0.5%) | |
| Population growth · | 0.4% | -0.02 (-5.5%) | |
| Life expectancy · | 76.0 | +0.17 (+0.2%) | |
| Fertility rate · | 1.61 | -0.00 (-0.3%) | |
| Birth rate · | 12.1 | -0.19 (-1.5%) | |
| Death rate · | 7.1 | -0.01 (-0.1%) | |
| Urban population share · | 88.2% | +0.28 (+0.3%) | |
| Population aged 65 and over · | 11.5% | +0.43 (+3.9%) | |
| Under-five mortality rate · | 14.2 | -0.20 (-1.4%) | |
| Population density · | 25.4 | +0.10 (+0.4%) | |
| Net migration · | -217,283 | +8,227 (+3.6%) | |
| Gini index · | 50.3 | -1.20 (-2.3%) |
Source: Banco Central do Brasil. Contains information from the Banco Central do Brasil open data portal, which is made available under the Open Database Licence (ODbL).
Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Translated titles are not official BIS translations.
Source: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), SIDRA.
Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.
Original sources of these estimates
GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics
Brazil
- 1800 - 1870: Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). “Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America,” Journal of Latin America Studies 41: 279–307 (updated data)
- 1850–1899: Barro, R.J. and J.F. Ursua, (2008). “Macroeconomic Crises since 1870” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 39(1 (Spring), pages 255-350
- 1900-1950: A. Maddison and Associates, The Political Economy of Poverty, Equity and Growth: Brazil and Mexico, Oxford University Press, New York 1992;
Economies nearby
Comparable readings from neighbouring economies.