Germany
Headline economic indicators for Germany, with the most recent official readings.
- GDP growth, year on year (quarterly) 1.2% +0.20 (+20.0%) Sep 2026
- Inflation rate (monthly) 3.3% +0.40 (+13.8%) Sep 2026
- Central bank policy rate 2.7% +0.25 (+10.4%) Sep 2026
- Unemployment rate (monthly) 4.1% +0.00 (+0.0%) Sep 2026
- 10-year government bond yield (monthly) 3.5% +0.29 (+9.0%) Sep 2026
- Government debt to GDP (quarterly) 63.4% -0.10 (-0.2%) Jun 2026
Prices
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation rate · | 2.2% | -0.08 (-3.8%) | |
| Consumer price index · | 137.8 | +2.93 (+2.2%) | |
| Inflation rate (monthly) · | 3.3% | +0.40 (+13.8%) | |
| Harmonised consumer price index · | 137.1 | +0.76 (+0.6%) | |
| House price index (quarterly) · | 179.9 | +0.54 (+0.3%) | |
| House price inflation, year on year (quarterly) · | 1.4% | -1.15 (-44.8%) | |
| Real house price index (quarterly) · | 128.5 | -0.31 (-0.2%) | |
| Real house price growth, year on year (quarterly) · | -0.8% | -1.19 (-307.8%) | |
| Producer prices, year on year (monthly) · | 5.8% | +1.50 (+34.9%) | |
| GDP deflator inflation · | 3.0% | -0.10 (-3.3%) |
GDP
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP growth rate · | 0.2% | +0.74 (+148.3%) | |
| GDP per capita · | 60,496.44 | +4,393 (+7.8%) | |
| GDP growth, quarter on quarter · | 0.2% | -0.10 (-33.3%) | |
| GDP growth, year on year (quarterly) · | 1.2% | +0.20 (+20.0%) | |
| Industrial production, year on year (monthly) · | 0.4% | +2.90 (+116.0%) | |
| Retail sales volume, year on year (monthly) · | -0.4% | +1.80 (+81.8%) | |
| Economic sentiment indicator (monthly) · | 94.1 | -0.70 (-0.7%) | |
| Consumer confidence (monthly) · | -14.5 | -0.20 (-1.4%) | |
| GDP per capita, long-run history · | 46,648 | +488.74 (+1.1%) | |
| GDP · | 5,050,922,925,047.05 | +365,330,347,242 (+7.8%) | |
| GDP, PPP · | 6,295,798,631,798 | +119,161,861,649 (+1.9%) | |
| GDP per capita, PPP · | 75,407 | +1,450 (+2.0%) | |
| GDP per capita growth · | 0.3% | +1.04 (+135.1%) | |
| GNI per capita · | 60,200 | +5,110 (+9.3%) | |
| Agriculture to GDP · | 0.9% | -0.04 (-4.7%) | |
| Industry to GDP · | 25.2% | -0.46 (-1.8%) | |
| Manufacturing to GDP · | 17.6% | -0.39 (-2.2%) | |
| Services to GDP · | 64.5% | +0.41 (+0.6%) | |
| Household consumption to GDP · | 53.2% | +0.46 (+0.9%) | |
| Gross capital formation to GDP · | 21.9% | +0.43 (+2.0%) | |
| Gross savings to GDP · | 26.3% | -0.80 (-2.9%) |
Labour
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate · | 3.7% | +0.31 (+9.1%) | |
| Unemployment rate (monthly) · | 4.1% | +0.00 (+0.0%) | |
| Labour force participation rate · | 60.6% | -0.35 (-0.6%) | |
| Female labour force participation rate · | 55.3% | -0.33 (-0.6%) | |
| Youth unemployment rate · | 6.9% | +0.26 (+3.9%) | |
| Employment to population ratio · | 58.3% | -0.53 (-0.9%) | |
| Employment in agriculture · | 1.1% | -0.02 (-2.0%) | |
| Employment in industry · | 26.0% | -0.32 (-1.2%) | |
| Employment in services · | 73.0% | +0.34 (+0.5%) |
Money
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central bank policy rate · | 2.7% | +0.25 (+10.4%) | |
| ECB deposit facility rate · | 2.5% | +0.25 (+11.1%) | |
| Real effective exchange rate (monthly) · | 100.0 | +0.20 (+0.2%) | |
| Nominal effective exchange rate (monthly) · | 103.9 | -0.13 (-0.1%) | |
| Private sector credit to GDP (quarterly) · | 134.8% | -0.11 (-0.1%) | |
| Credit-to-GDP gap (quarterly) · | -4.18 pp | +0.17 (+4.0%) | |
| Debt service ratio, private sector (quarterly) · | 12.2% | +0.00 (+0.0%) | |
| Debt service ratio, households (quarterly) · | 5.4% | +0.00 (+0.0%) | |
| Debt service ratio, non-financial corporations (quarterly) · | 32.1% | -0.10 (-0.3%) | |
| Cost of borrowing for house purchase (monthly) · | 4.0% | +0.07 (+1.8%) | |
| Cost of borrowing for corporations (monthly) · | 3.9% | -0.10 (-2.5%) | |
| 10-year government bond yield (monthly) · | 3.5% | +0.29 (+9.0%) | |
| Private sector credit to GDP · | 77.3% | -3.83 (-4.7%) | |
| Stock market capitalization to GDP · | 57.4% | +13.76 (+31.5%) | |
| Bank nonperforming loans · | 1.9% | +0.12 (+6.7%) | |
| Official exchange rate · | 0.88 | -0.04 (-4.2%) |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current account to GDP · | 4.4% | -1.45 (-24.5%) | |
| Exports to GDP · | 40.4% | -1.00 (-2.4%) | |
| Imports to GDP · | 38.1% | +0.42 (+1.1%) | |
| Trade to GDP · | 78.5% | -0.58 (-0.7%) | |
| Exports of goods and services · | 2,042,329,262,308.23 | +100,898,051,686 (+5.2%) | |
| Imports of goods and services · | 1,923,292,318,697.25 | +158,854,127,086 (+9.0%) | |
| Trade balance, goods and services (annual) · | 122,342,144,105.74 | -57,332,474,338 (-31.9%) | |
| Current account balance (annual) · | 224,632,916,868.02 | -51,526,943,097 (-18.7%) | |
| Foreign direct investment to GDP · | 1.9% | +0.55 (+41.0%) | |
| Remittances received to GDP · | 0.5% | +0.00 (+0.0%) | |
| Total reserves, including gold · | 572,201,958,133.16 | +194,266,816,777 (+51.4%) | |
| Reserves in months of imports · | 3.1 | +0.93 (+42.7%) |
Government
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government debt to GDP · | 20.9% | unchanged | |
| Government debt to GDP (quarterly) · | 63.4% | -0.10 (-0.2%) | |
| Government revenue to GDP · | 29.4% | +0.95 (+3.4%) | |
| Government expense to GDP · | 31.2% | -1.49 (-4.6%) | |
| Tax revenue to GDP · | 10.9% | +0.20 (+1.9%) | |
| Government budget balance to GDP · | -1.7% | +0.31 (+15.5%) | |
| Government consumption to GDP · | 22.5% | +0.53 (+2.4%) | |
| Education spending to GDP · | 5.2% | -0.13 (-2.4%) | |
| Health spending to GDP · | 12.3% | +0.52 (+4.4%) |
Demography
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population · | 83,491,249 | -25,344 (-0.0%) | |
| Population, long-run history · | 83,811 | +598.12 (+0.7%) | |
| Population growth · | -0.0% | -0.31 (-111.0%) | |
| Life expectancy · | 80.8 | -0.25 (-0.3%) | |
| Fertility rate · | 1.36 | -0.03 (-2.2%) | |
| Birth rate · | 8.1 | -0.20 (-2.4%) | |
| Death rate · | 12.1 | -0.20 (-1.6%) | |
| Urban population share · | 82.1% | +0.12 (+0.1%) | |
| Population aged 65 and over · | 23.7% | +0.51 (+2.2%) | |
| Under-five mortality rate · | 3.7 | +0.00 (+0.0%) | |
| Population density · | 239.0 | +0.66 (+0.3%) | |
| Net migration · | -334,072 | -371,026 (-1,004.0%) | |
| Gini index · | 33.7 | +0.10 (+0.3%) |
Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Translated titles are not official BIS translations.
Source: ECB
Source: ECB euro foreign exchange reference rates
Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.
Original sources of these estimates
GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics
Germany
- 1500-1850: Pfister, U. (2022). Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850. The Journal of Economic History, 82(4), 1071–1107
- 1850-1950: Hoffmann, Grumbach and Hesse, op. cit., pp. 454-5.
Economies nearby
Comparable readings from neighbouring economies.