United Kingdom
Headline economic indicators for United Kingdom, with the most recent official readings.
- GDP growth, year on year (quarterly) 1.4% +0.60 (+75.0%) Jun 2026
- Inflation rate (monthly) 3.5% +0.40 (+12.9%) Sep 2026
- Central bank policy rate 3.8% -0.25 (-6.3%) Dec 2025
- Unemployment rate (monthly) 4.7% -0.20 (-4.1%) Aug 2026
- 10-year government bond yield (monthly) 4.6% -0.09 (-1.9%) Apr 2025
- Government debt to GDP 130.7% -5.41 (-4.0%) 2024
Prices
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inflation rate · | 3.9% | +0.61 (+18.7%) | |
| Consumer price index · | 153.1 | +5.72 (+3.9%) | |
| Inflation rate (monthly) · | 3.5% | +0.40 (+12.9%) | |
| Harmonised consumer price index · | 144.1 | +0.50 (+0.3%) | |
| Consumer price index (monthly) · | 144.1 | +0.50 (+0.3%) | |
| House price index (quarterly) · | 172.7 | +1.33 (+0.8%) | |
| House price inflation, year on year (quarterly) · | 2.9% | +1.69 (+143.8%) | |
| Real house price index (quarterly) · | 108.5 | -0.80 (-0.7%) | |
| Real house price growth, year on year (quarterly) · | 0.1% | +1.98 (+105.4%) | |
| Producer prices, year on year (monthly) · | 4.6% | +0.70 (+17.9%) | |
| GDP deflator inflation · | 3.7% | -0.24 (-6.2%) |
GDP
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP growth rate · | 1.4% | +0.31 (+28.5%) | |
| GDP per capita · | 57,601.96 | +4,261 (+8.0%) | |
| GDP growth, quarter on quarter · | 0.5% | -0.10 (-16.7%) | |
| GDP growth, year on year (quarterly) · | 1.4% | +0.60 (+75.0%) | |
| Industrial production, year on year (monthly) · | 1.6% | +0.80 (+100.0%) | |
| Retail sales volume, year on year (monthly) · | 0.8% | -1.90 (-70.4%) | |
| GDP per capita, long-run history · | 38,407 | +1,272 (+3.4%) | |
| GDP · | 4,002,587,541,846.01 | +307,048,028,312 (+8.3%) | |
| GDP, PPP · | 4,489,311,553,269 | +135,730,375,438 (+3.1%) | |
| GDP per capita, PPP · | 64,606 | +1,767 (+2.8%) | |
| GDP per capita growth · | 1.1% | +1.11 (+5,217.0%) | |
| GNI per capita · | 54,550 | +5,230 (+10.6%) | |
| Agriculture to GDP · | 0.6% | -0.00 (-0.0%) | |
| Industry to GDP · | 16.5% | -0.60 (-3.5%) | |
| Manufacturing to GDP · | 7.7% | -0.30 (-3.7%) | |
| Services to GDP · | 73.1% | +0.59 (+0.8%) | |
| Household consumption to GDP · | 60.4% | -0.33 (-0.5%) | |
| Gross capital formation to GDP · | 19.7% | +0.52 (+2.7%) | |
| Gross savings to GDP · | 17.2% | +0.41 (+2.5%) |
Labour
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unemployment rate · | 4.7% | +0.39 (+8.8%) | |
| Unemployment rate (monthly) · | 4.7% | -0.20 (-4.1%) | |
| Labour force participation rate · | 61.4% | -0.19 (-0.3%) | |
| Female labour force participation rate · | 57.3% | -0.16 (-0.3%) | |
| Youth unemployment rate · | 14.6% | +0.33 (+2.3%) | |
| Employment to population ratio · | 58.5% | -0.41 (-0.7%) | |
| Employment in agriculture · | 0.9% | -0.02 (-2.5%) | |
| Employment in industry · | 15.9% | -0.21 (-1.3%) | |
| Employment in services · | 83.2% | +0.23 (+0.3%) |
Money
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real interest rate · | -1.1% | +0.54 (+33.5%) | |
| Central bank policy rate · | 3.8% | -0.25 (-6.3%) | |
| Real effective exchange rate (monthly) · | 111.5 | -1.15 (-1.0%) | |
| Nominal effective exchange rate (monthly) · | 111.4 | -0.61 (-0.5%) | |
| Private sector credit to GDP (quarterly) · | 128.4% | -2.85 (-2.2%) | |
| Credit-to-GDP gap (quarterly) · | -20.12 pp | -1.26 (-6.7%) | |
| Debt service ratio, private sector (quarterly) · | 12.9% | -0.20 (-1.5%) | |
| Debt service ratio, households (quarterly) · | 8.8% | +0.00 (+0.0%) | |
| Debt service ratio, non-financial corporations (quarterly) · | 27.3% | -0.90 (-3.2%) | |
| 10-year government bond yield (monthly) · | 4.6% | -0.09 (-1.9%) | |
| Broad money to GDP · | 141.9% | -3.45 (-2.4%) | |
| Private sector credit to GDP · | 112.4% | -5.61 (-4.8%) | |
| Lending rate · | 0.5% | +0.00 (+0.0%) | |
| Bank deposit rate · | 4.5% | +0.85 (+23.5%) | |
| Stock market capitalization to GDP · | 97.3% | -21.62 (-18.2%) | |
| Bank nonperforming loans · | 0.9% | -0.07 (-6.7%) | |
| Official exchange rate · | 0.76 | -0.02 (-2.9%) |
Trade
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current account to GDP · | -3.1% | -0.18 (-6.2%) | |
| Exports to GDP · | 30.6% | -0.46 (-1.5%) | |
| Imports to GDP · | 31.9% | +0.08 (+0.2%) | |
| Trade to GDP · | 62.5% | -0.38 (-0.6%) | |
| Exports of goods and services · | 1,224,670,037,744.72 | +76,977,980,590 (+6.7%) | |
| Imports of goods and services · | 1,275,239,250,327.84 | +100,689,309,245 (+8.6%) | |
| Trade balance, goods and services (annual) · | -52,248,152,850.78 | -25,834,516,434 (-97.8%) | |
| Current account balance (annual) · | -125,420,187,646.32 | -16,378,373,482 (-15.0%) | |
| Foreign direct investment to GDP · | 0.9% | +1.29 (+367.9%) | |
| Remittances received to GDP · | 0.1% | +0.00 (+2.4%) | |
| Total reserves, including gold · | 214,355,349,052.17 | +39,757,505,727 (+22.8%) | |
| Reserves in months of imports · | 1.4 | +0.20 (+17.1%) |
Government
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government debt to GDP · | 130.7% | -5.41 (-4.0%) | |
| Government revenue to GDP · | 34.8% | -0.48 (-1.4%) | |
| Government expense to GDP · | 41.2% | +0.58 (+1.4%) | |
| Tax revenue to GDP · | 26.9% | +0.02 (+0.1%) | |
| Government budget balance to GDP · | -6.9% | +0.11 (+1.6%) | |
| Government consumption to GDP · | 21.2% | +0.32 (+1.5%) | |
| Education spending to GDP · | 5.9% | +0.47 (+8.6%) | |
| Health spending to GDP · | 11.1% | +0.14 (+1.3%) |
Demography
| Indicator | Value | Change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population · | 69,487,000 | +206,000 (+0.3%) | |
| Population, long-run history · | 68,093 | +441.96 (+0.7%) | |
| Population growth · | 0.3% | -0.80 (-72.9%) | |
| Life expectancy · | 81.4 | +0.15 (+0.2%) | |
| Fertility rate · | 1.55 | -0.01 (-0.6%) | |
| Birth rate · | 9.9 | -0.13 (-1.3%) | |
| Death rate · | 9.7 | +0.18 (+1.9%) | |
| Urban population share · | 83.3% | +0.08 (+0.1%) | |
| Population aged 65 and over · | 19.7% | +0.20 (+1.0%) | |
| Under-five mortality rate · | 4.7 | +0.10 (+2.2%) | |
| Population density · | 286.4 | +3.12 (+1.1%) | |
| Net migration · | 389,911 | -27,203 (-6.5%) | |
| Gini index · | 32.4 | -0.30 (-0.9%) |
Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Translated titles are not official BIS translations.
Source: Bank of England. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.
Source: Office for National Statistics. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Original sources of these estimates
GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics
United Kingdom
- 1: Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91
- 1252–1700 (England): Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 1700–1870: Broadberry, S.N., B. Campbell, A. Klein, M. Overton and B. van Leeuwen (2015), British Economic Growth 1270-1870 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- 1870-1950: C.H. Feinstein, National Income Expenditure and Output of the United Kingdom 1855-1965, Cambridge, 1972
Economies nearby
Comparable readings from neighbouring economies.