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Japan

Headline economic indicators for Japan, with the most recent official readings.

Prices

Prices — Japan
Indicator Value Change
Inflation rate · 3.2% +0.43 (+15.8%)
Consumer price index · 118.0 +3.63 (+3.2%)
Inflation rate (monthly) · 2.1% +0.20 (+10.5%)
Consumer price index (monthly) · 102.2 +0.00 (+0.0%)
House price index (quarterly) · 144.6 -0.83 (-0.6%)
House price inflation, year on year (quarterly) · 5.0% +0.71 (+16.4%)
Real house price index (quarterly) · 121.5 -1.55 (-1.3%)
Real house price growth, year on year (quarterly) · 2.4% +1.13 (+86.1%)
GDP deflator inflation · 3.4% +0.22 (+6.9%)

GDP

GDP — Japan
Indicator Value Change
GDP growth rate · 1.2% +1.43 (+597.0%)
GDP per capita · 35,951.04 +2,154 (+6.4%)
GDP per capita, long-run history · 38,269 +590.51 (+1.6%)
GDP · 4,435,162,999,976.94 +245,154,811,618 (+5.9%)
GDP, PPP · 6,837,216,297,272 +123,172,784,665 (+1.8%)
GDP per capita, PPP · 55,422 +1,266 (+2.3%)
GDP per capita growth · 1.7% +1.50 (+765.8%)
GNI per capita · 38,340 +1,170 (+3.1%)
Agriculture to GDP · 1.0% +0.13 (+16.1%)
Industry to GDP · 26.8% -0.87 (-3.2%)
Manufacturing to GDP · 18.8% -0.67 (-3.4%)
Services to GDP · 71.4% +0.64 (+0.9%)
Household consumption to GDP · 53.1% -0.53 (-1.0%)
Gross capital formation to GDP · 27.7% -0.10 (-0.4%)
Gross savings to GDP · 32.1% +0.68 (+2.2%)

Labour

Labour — Japan
Indicator Value Change
Unemployment rate · 2.5% -0.05 (-2.0%)
Unemployment rate (monthly) · 2.4% -0.20 (-7.7%)
Labour force participation rate (monthly) · 64.5% +0.30 (+0.5%)
Labour force participation rate · 63.4% +0.15 (+0.2%)
Female labour force participation rate · 55.9% +0.31 (+0.6%)
Youth unemployment rate · 3.9% -0.03 (-0.8%)
Employment to population ratio · 61.9% +0.18 (+0.3%)
Employment in agriculture · 2.8% -0.07 (-2.4%)
Employment in industry · 23.2% -0.12 (-0.5%)
Employment in services · 74.0% +0.18 (+0.3%)

Money

Money — Japan
Indicator Value Change
Real interest rate · 1.0% +0.52 (+112.8%)
Central bank policy rate · 1.3% +0.25 (+25.0%)
Real effective exchange rate (monthly) · 66.6 +0.60 (+0.9%)
Nominal effective exchange rate (monthly) · 69.5 +1.03 (+1.5%)
Private sector credit to GDP (quarterly) · 173.7% +0.28 (+0.2%)
Credit-to-GDP gap (quarterly) · 5.67 pp -0.20 (-3.4%)
Debt service ratio, private sector (quarterly) · 15.5% +0.10 (+0.6%)
Debt service ratio, households (quarterly) · 7.5% +0.00 (+0.0%)
Debt service ratio, non-financial corporations (quarterly) · 32.5% +0.20 (+0.6%)
Broad money to GDP · 246.8% -9.95 (-3.9%)
Private sector credit to GDP · 188.7% +0.75 (+0.4%)
Lending rate · 1.0% -0.05 (-4.9%)
Bank deposit rate · 0.3% +0.02 (+6.7%)
Stock market capitalization to GDP · 171.6% +20.98 (+13.9%)
Bank nonperforming loans · 1.2% +0.01 (+0.5%)
Official exchange rate · 149.66 -1.71 (-1.1%)

Trade

Trade — Japan
Indicator Value Change
Current account to GDP · 4.9% +0.24 (+5.3%)
Exports to GDP · 22.0% +0.92 (+4.4%)
Imports to GDP · 22.9% +0.34 (+1.5%)
Trade to GDP · 44.9% +1.26 (+2.9%)
Exports of goods and services · 920,960,002,390.34 -2,460,057,261 (-0.3%)
Imports of goods and services · 958,381,808,469.15 -29,779,006,973 (-3.0%)
Trade balance, goods and services (annual) · -26,840,701,298.45 +12,262,984,298 (+31.4%)
Current account balance (annual) · 215,768,947,340 +22,105,759,075 (+11.4%)
Foreign direct investment to GDP · 1.0% +0.58 (+129.3%)
Remittances received to GDP · 0.1% -0.00 (-3.9%)
Total reserves, including gold · 1,371,402,218,767.57 +140,735,239,725 (+11.4%)
Reserves in months of imports · 14.0 +1.05 (+8.1%)

Government

Government — Japan
Indicator Value Change
Government revenue to GDP · 19.3% +0.08 (+0.4%)
Government expense to GDP · 20.1% -0.79 (-3.8%)
Tax revenue to GDP · 11.1% -0.04 (-0.3%)
Government consumption to GDP · 20.1% +0.05 (+0.2%)
Education spending to GDP · 3.3% +0.03 (+0.9%)
Health spending to GDP · 10.7% -1.58 (-12.8%)

Demography

Demography — Japan
Indicator Value Change
Population · 123,366,734 -608,637 (-0.5%)
Population, long-run history · 124,762 -665.16 (-0.5%)
Population growth · -0.5% -0.06 (-13.0%)
Life expectancy · 84.0 -0.00 (-0.0%)
Fertility rate · 1.15 -0.05 (-4.2%)
Birth rate · 5.7 -0.30 (-5.0%)
Death rate · 13.3 +0.30 (+2.3%)
Urban population share · 92.3% +0.11 (+0.1%)
Population aged 65 and over · 30.0% +0.21 (+0.7%)
Under-five mortality rate · 2.4 +0.00 (+0.0%)
Population density · 340.1 -1.48 (-0.4%)
Net migration · 140,579 -12,778 (-8.3%)
Gini index · 32.3 -0.70 (-2.1%)

Source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Translated titles are not official BIS translations.

Source: Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J.L. (2024), Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update, Journal of Economic Surveys, 1-41, DOI 10.1111/joes.12618. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. The original sources are listed on each page.

Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Consumer Price Index (2025 base) and Labour Force Survey, through e-Stat. Labour force figures are not seasonally adjusted. This service uses API functions from e-Stat, however its contents are not guaranteed by government.

All data sources

Original sources of these estimates

GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics

Japan

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Comparable readings from neighbouring economies.